Mrs. Anne is a 82-year-old widow living alone in her house in Seremban. She is brought into clinic by her daughter and son-in-law because she has been looking increasingly pale and tired when doing her daily household chores. History Anne’s health has been deteriorating over the past few months as she has noted increasing breathlessnessContinue reading “Mrs Anne is pale and tired”
Author Archives: Vampires in white coats
Mr Shamsul cannot complete his workouts
Encik Shamshul, a 24-year old man presents with complaints of progressive weakness and shortness of breath with minimal physical effort over the last two weeks. He also notes recurrent episodes of fever requiring repeated visits to his local general practitioner over the past couple of months. History Shamshul reports that his symptoms have been progressiveContinue reading “Mr Shamsul cannot complete his workouts”
Sean Chiew has a swollen knee
Sean Chiew is a 14-month-old boy. His mother brings him to the Emergency Department because Sean was noted to be limping with a right swollen knee, which seems to be progressively increasing in size over the past couple of hours. History The swelling and limp had occurred suddenly. Mrs. Tan, the mother had bathed himContinue reading “Sean Chiew has a swollen knee”
Puan Maimon has a backache
Puan Maimon is a 67-year-old female who has complaints of worsening fatigue and persistent bone pain, particularly in the lower back for the past 6 months. History Maimon had noted gradual deterioration in her health condition over the past 6 to 12 months. Although she had experienced aches and pains before, her back pain hadContinue reading “Puan Maimon has a backache”
Mr Ashok has fever and night sweats
Mr. Ashok is a 45-year-old male who notes weakness and lethargy with progressive weight loss of nearly 3 kg over the past 3 weeks, accompanied by fever and night sweats. History Ashok has generally been well and active before this. The symptoms only appeared over the past 3-weeks and has become progressively worse, especially withinContinue reading “Mr Ashok has fever and night sweats”
Mr Raj has fever and is bleeding easily
Mr. Raj is a 26-year-old biomedical-science postgraduate student who notes sudden onset of fatigue, fever, and gum bleeding while brushing his teeth in the last two days. He also reports mild shortness of breath and dizziness. History Raj has generally been well and active before this. His symptoms only appeared over the past two days,Continue reading “Mr Raj has fever and is bleeding easily”
Miss Lam has yellow eyes
Miss Lam is a 28-year-old female who attends the clinic because she is tired all the time and is short of breath with minor exertion. She indicates that the symptoms have been ongoing for about 2 weeks and lately she has noticed slight yellowish discolouration of her eyes. History Lam used to be able toContinue reading “Miss Lam has yellow eyes”
Embolism
Blood vessels are designed to carry blood in a liquid state. However, as we have learnt in an earlier blog, blood can be abnormally converted to a solid-or semi solid mass, which is termed as a thrombus. The thrombus may remain at the site of formation, or it may detach and become a thromboembolus. TheContinue reading “Embolism”
Thrombosis
In the ancient Chinese medical text, ‘Huangdi Neijing (黄帝内经)’, written over 2000 years ago, the fundamental concepts of circulation is stated – ‘All the blood is under control of the heart. The blood current flows continuously in a circle and never stops.’ Blood must be in constant flow. It needs to flow continuously so that it canContinue reading “Thrombosis”
Fluid homeostasis and oedema
Learning outcomes Basic physiology Pathophysiology of oedema Normal fluid homeostasis About 2/3rds of the total body weight is composed of water. The water content may vary according to age, sex (adult male ~ 60%, female ~ 55%) and muscle mass. Infants have higher water content (~80%) and elderly lower content (50 – 55%). The totalContinue reading “Fluid homeostasis and oedema”